Bringing battery impedance diagnostics into the real world: opportunities and limits
Researchers involved in the EU-funded project NEMO have published a new peer-reviewed scientific paper in the Journal of Power Sources, addressing a critical challenge in modern battery management: the practical applicability of online Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) for real-world battery systems. The article “Practical considerations and limitations of online Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy for battery systems management” provides […]
Researchers involved in the EU-funded project NEMO have published a new peer-reviewed scientific paper in the Journal of Power Sources, addressing a critical challenge in modern battery management: the practical applicability of online Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) for real-world battery systems.
The article “Practical considerations and limitations of online Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy for battery systems management” provides an in-depth and methodical analysis of how EIS-based diagnostics behave when moved from controlled laboratory conditions to operational battery electronics and embedded systems.
From theory to practice in battery electronics
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy is widely recognised as a powerful tool for characterising battery behaviour, enabling insights into internal processes related to ageing, degradation, temperature effects, and state-of-health estimation. As such, EIS is often proposed as a key enabler for advanced battery electronics and next-generation battery management systems (BMS).
However, implementing EIS online and in real time introduces non-trivial constraints. The paper systematically examines these constraints, focusing on issues such as measurement accuracy under dynamic operating conditions, signal perturbations caused by load variations, hardware limitations, and the interpretability of impedance data when acquired during normal battery operation.
Rather than proposing EIS as a universal solution, the authors take a critical and evidence-based approach, clarifying when and how online EIS can provide reliable information and when it may lead to misleading conclusions if applied without sufficient safeguards or modelling support.
Relevance for NEMO and Advanced Battery Modelling
This contribution directly supports NEMO’s objective of developing next-generation models for advanced battery electronics, where accurate diagnostics must be tightly coupled with realistic system constraints. By identifying the boundaries of validity for online impedance measurements, the paper helps inform the design of robust battery models, control strategies, and electronic architectures that can operate safely and efficiently in real-world applications.
The publication is openly accessible: you can read it here: https://zenodo.org/records/18298276
