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Dissemination materials

→ Factsheet on NEMO’s data-driven and hybrid ageing models

This factsheet presents NEMO’s innovative approach to battery State of Health (SoH) estimation, combining advanced data-driven techniques with physics-based knowledge. By integrating electrochemical measurements, physics-informed feature engineering, and foundation-model technology, the developed methodology delivers accurate and interpretable health predictions across a wide range of operating conditions.

Journal articles

→ A comprehensive review of data-driven electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) approaches for Li-ion battery SoH and RUL estimations

This paper provides a comprehensive overview of how Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), combined with advanced data-driven techniques, can be used to assess the health and predict the lifetime of lithium-ion batteries. By examining existing machine learning and deep learning approaches for estimating State of Health (SoH) and Remaining Useful Life (RUL), the study highlights the most effective feature extraction methods, predictive algorithms, and performance indicators derived from EIS data.
Journal articles

→ Characterization of High-Energy Prismatic NMC (631) Cells: A Combined Incremental Capacity and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Approach

This study explores the impact of temperature and cycling conditions on the ageing and performance of NMC lithium-ion batteries used in electric vehicle applications. Through incremental capacity analysis (ICA) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), the researchers examine degradation mechanisms across different operating temperatures and state-of-charge ranges.
Journal articles

→ A Compression Force Prediction Model for Mechanically Constrained Lithium-Ion Batteries

This publication presents a novel electrochemical–mechanical modeling approach for predicting compression forces in mechanically constrained lithium-ion batteries without the need for real-time force sensors. By capturing the relationship between battery swelling and force evolution during operation, the model accurately estimates compression forces under both constant-current and dynamic driving conditions.

Journal articles

→ Detection of Thermally Induced Damage in Large-Format Lithium-Ion Batteries Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

This study investigates how thermal stress below thermal runaway conditions affects the health and safety of large-format lithium-ion batteries. Using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) under carefully controlled temperature conditions, the researchers demonstrate that thermally induced damage can be detected before catastrophic failure occurs.

Dissemination materials

→ Factsheet on NEMO’s ECM-based SoC estimation

How can the charge level of a lithium-ion battery be estimated accurately under real operating conditions? Discover how NEMO’s ECM-based State of Charge (SoC) algorithm combines physics-based battery modelling and advanced filtering techniques to deliver robust real-time SoC estimation, supporting smarter energy management and more reliable Battery Management Systems.
Dissemination materials

→ Battery intelligence for a changing Europe

This info-pack explores how Europe’s battery market is evolving from a focus on production capacity to a greater emphasis on performance, longevity, sustainability and data-driven value creation. Drawing on market, technology and policy trends, the publication examines the growing role of advanced Battery Management Systems (BMS) and highlights how projects such as NEMO contribute to Europe’s ambitions for a more competitive, resilient and sustainable battery ecosystem.
Dissemination materials

→ Batteries made in Europe

This policy brief synthesises insights from two BMS Alliance events: a webinar on securing cell supply (October 2025) and a session co-hosted with BEPA at the European Sustainable Energy Week (June 2026). It finds that Europe's cost gap with Asian producers stems mainly from manufacturing experience rather than labour or energy, and that competitiveness depends on manufacturing, research, raw materials, recycling and policy reinforcing one another. Building on the current EU policy landscape, the brief sets out seven recommendations to strengthen the resilience, competitiveness and sovereignty of Europe's battery value chain.
Dissemination materials

→ Factsheet on NEMO’s EIS-based SoT estimation

Discover how Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) is enabling more intelligent battery temperature monitoring: can the internal temperature of lithium-ion batteries be estimated accurately without embedded sensors? Learn how NEMO’s State of Temperature (SoT) algorithm uses impedance-based measurements to deliver real-time temperature estimation, supporting advanced thermal management, enhanced safety, and next-generation Battery Management Systems.
Journal articles

→ Quantitative separation of thermal and electrochemical contributions in nonlinear EIS measurements

This study investigates the origins of impedance changes during high-current excitation in lithium-ion batteries. Using two novel measurement protocols based on Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Nonlinear EIS (NLEIS), the researchers successfully distinguish between electrochemical nonlinearity and self-heating effects, providing new insights into battery behaviour and challenging commonly used linearity criteria.
Dissemination materials

→ Factsheet on NEMO’s Physics-based models

Gain insights into physics-based battery modelling approaches driving smarter battery management: how can ageing, swelling and performance degradation be predicted under real operating conditions? Learn how an extended P2D model, combined with EIS data and pressure-dependent parameters, enables sensor-free swelling prediction, digital twin applications, and lifetime-aware battery optimisation.
Dissemination materials

→ Factsheet on NEMO’s SoS estimator based on BMS data

Discover advanced battery safety monitoring approaches powered by BMS data: how can early signs of battery damage be detected before critical failures occur? Learn how combining data-driven modelling with physics-informed electrical, thermal and mechanical indicators enables State-of-Safety estimation, long-term safety forecasting, and cloud-supported risk management for next-generation battery systems.
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MD SAZZAD HOSEN
Project coordinator, VUB
→ md.sazzad.hosen@vub.be
AITOR SÁNCHEZ
Project coordinator, VUB
→ aitor.sanchez@vub.be
MARIA LUNA SCHIASSI
Communication officer, ICONS
→ info@nemoproject.eu
→ DISCLAIMER
Co-Funded by the European Union
Swiss participant Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique SA - Recherche
et Developpement (CSEM) has received funding from the Swiss State
Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI).
→ PRIVACY NOTICE